{"id":9,"date":"2012-10-01T20:35:23","date_gmt":"2012-10-01T20:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.apostolostzikas.gr\/en\/?page_id=9"},"modified":"2013-02-16T11:11:37","modified_gmt":"2013-02-16T11:11:37","slug":"hypertension-renal-denervation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.apostolostzikas.gr\/en\/hypertension-renal-denervation\/","title":{"rendered":"Hypertension"},"content":{"rendered":"

Definition<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Normally, circulation (flow) of blood from the heart to the periphery (musculature, organs, etc.) requires, besides the driving force of the heart, the existence of pressure within the arteries (blood pressure). Blood pressure has two main parameters, systolic<\/strong> (“upper”) and diastolic<\/strong> (“lower”) pressure. The normal systolic<\/strong> blood pressure is ranging from 90 to 140 mmHg, and the normal diastolic<\/strong> blood pressure from 60 to 90 mmHg. When someone is at rest and, after repeated measurements, his blood pressure is higher than normal that means he suffers from arterial<\/strong> hypertension<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Hypertension<\/strong> can be primary (90-95% of cases) or secondary, depending on the reasoning. When, despite receiving at least 3 antihypertensive drugs, blood pressure remains above normal then it is called resistant hypertension<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Hypertension<\/strong> is a very common condition and is an independent risk factor for various diseases of the heart and blood vessels (coronary heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, etc.).<\/p>\n

Causes<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Primary (or idiopathic) hypertension<\/strong> is not due to a specific medical cause. It is related, to some extent, with increasing age and is the result of a complex combination of genetic (hereditary predisposition) and environmental (obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, etc.) factors.<\/p>\n

Secondary hypertension<\/strong> is due to a specific medical cause such as kidney, adrenal, thyroid disease, congenital heart disease like aortic isthmus stenosis or even medication such as anti-inflammatory drugs.<\/p>\n

Symptoms<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Arterial hypertension<\/strong> is rarely accompanied by symptoms. In some cases it may appear as occipital headache (neck pain), dizziness, vertigo or tinnitus (ringing) in the ears.<\/p>\n

Diagnosis<\/strong><\/h4>\n

The diagnosis is made by measuring the blood pressure with a pressure meter<\/strong> (analog or electronic). In order to measure the pressure properly, one should be in a comfortable, cool environment he should be relatively calm and relaxed, and he shouldn\u2019t eat or consume alcohol 2-3 hours before testing. Repeated measurements over a week are needed. Also, it is important that the pressure meter works properly and, if it is an analog device, that the one who makes the measurement is trained appropriately.<\/p>\n

Treatment<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Today, there are a large number of drugs for the treatment of hypertension<\/strong> which, when taken correctly, help optimum pressure regulation. The classes of anti-hypertensive drugs are:<\/p>\n

Diuretics<\/p>\n

Beta-blockers<\/p>\n

Calcium channel blockers<\/p>\n

Antagonists of converting enzyme<\/p>\n

Antagonists of the angiotensin<\/p>\n

Centrally acting drugs<\/p>\n

Combinations of drugs<\/p>\n

Developments<\/strong><\/h4>\n

For patients suffering from resistant hypertension, i.e. when despite taking at least 3 anti-hypertensive drugs blood pressure remains above normal, there is a new invasive therapy. This is the denervation of the renal arteries (renal denervation, RDN)<\/strong> using a special catheter. It is done by catheterization of the femoral artery (such as a coronary angiography) and the initial results are very encouraging both in terms of safety and efficacy.<\/p>\n

Dr. Apostolos Tzikas, Interventional Cardiologist<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Definition Normally, circulation (flow) of blood from the heart to the periphery (musculature, organs, etc.) requires, besides the driving force of the heart, the existence of pressure within the arteries (blood pressure). Blood pressure has two main parameters, systolic (“upper”) …<\/p>\n

Hypertension<\/span> Read More »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHypertension - Renal Denervation - Dr. Apostolos Tzikas MD, PhD, FESC.<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hypertension - Resistant Hypertension - Definition & Invasive treatment with Renal Sympathetic Denervation (denervation of the renal arteries with ablation)\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/www.apostolostzikas.gr\/en\/hypertension-renal-denervation\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Hypertension - Renal Denervation - Dr. Apostolos Tzikas MD, PhD, FESC.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hypertension - 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